最全的鋼結構術語

2015/7/25

★ 強度　strength
    構件截面材料或連接抵抗破壞的能力。強度計算是防止結構構件或連接因材料強度被超過而破壞的計算。
★ 承載能力 load-carrying capacity
   結構或構件不會因強度、穩(wěn)定或疲勞等因素破壞所能承受的最大內力；或塑性分析形成破壞機構時的最大內力；或達到不適應于繼續(xù)承載的變形時的內力。
★ 脆斷 brittle fracture
    一般指鋼結構在拉應力狀態(tài)下沒有出現警示性的塑性變形而突然發(fā)生的脆性斷裂。
★ 強度標準值 characteristic value of strength
    國家標準規(guī)定的鋼材屈服點(屈服強度)或抗拉強度。
★ 強度設計值 design value of strength
    鋼材或連接的強度標準值除以相應抗力分項系數后的數值。
★ 一階彈性分析 first order elastic analysis
    不考慮結構二階變形對內力產生的影響，根據未變形的結構建立平衡條件，按彈性階段分析結構內力及位移。
★ 階彈性分析 second order elastic analysis
    考慮結構二階變形對內力產生的影響，根據位移后的結構建立平衡條件，按彈性階段分析結構內力及位移。
★ 屈曲 buckling
   桿件或板件在軸心壓力、彎矩、剪力單獨或共同作用下突然發(fā)生與原受力狀態(tài)不符的較大變形而失去穩(wěn)定。
★ 腹板屈曲后強度 post-buckling strength of web plate
    腹板屈曲后尚能繼續(xù)保持承受荷載的能力。
★ 通用高厚 normalizde web slenderness
    參數，其值等于鋼材受彎、受剪或受壓屈服強度除以相應的腹板抗彎、抗剪或局部承壓彈性屈曲應力之商的平方根。
★ 整體穩(wěn)定 overall stability
    在外荷載作用一下，對整個結構或構件能否發(fā)生屈曲或失穩(wěn)的評估。
★ 有效寬度。effective width
   在進行截面強度和穩(wěn)定性計算時，假定板件有效的那一部分寬度。
★ 有效寬度系數 effective width factor
   板件有效寬度與板件實際寬度的比值。
★ 算長度 effective length
    構件在其有效約束點間的幾何長度乘以考慮桿端變形情況和所受荷載情況的系數而得的等效長度，用以計算構件的長細比。計算焊縫連接強度時采用的焊縫長度。
★ 長細比、slenderness ratio
   構件計算長度與構件截面回轉半徑的比值。
★ 換算長細比 equivalent slenderness ratio
    在軸心受壓構件的整體穩(wěn)定計算中，按臨界力相等的原則，將格構式構件換算為實腹構件進行計算時所對應的長細比或將彎扭與扭轉失穩(wěn)換算為彎曲失穩(wěn)時采用的長細比。
★ 支撐力  nodal bracing force
    為減小受壓構件(或構件的受壓翼緣)的自由長度所設置的側向支承處，在被支撐構件〔或構件受壓翼緣)的屈曲方向，所需施加上該構件(或構件受壓翼緣)截面剪心的側向力。
★ 無支撐純框架 unbraced frame
   依靠構件及節(jié)點連接的抗彎能力，抵抗側向荷載的框架。
★ 強支撐框架 frame braced with strong bracing system
   在支撐框架中，支撐結構(支撐析架、剪力墻、電梯井等)抗側移剛度較大，可將該框架視為無側移的框架。
★ 弱支撐框架 frame braced with weak bracing system
   在支撐框架中，支撐結構抗側移剛度較弱，不能將該框架視為無側移的框架。
★ 搖擺柱 leaning column
   樞架內兩端為鉸接不能抵抗側向荷載的柱。
★ 柱腹板節(jié)點域 panel zone of column web
    框架梁柱的剛接節(jié)點處，柱腹板在梁高度范圍內的區(qū)域。
★ 球形鋼支座 spherical steel bearing
    使結構在支座處可以沿任意方向轉動的鋼球面作為傳力的鉸接支座或可移動支座。
★ 橡膠支座 couposite rubber and steel support
    滿足支座位移要求的橡膠和薄鋼板等復合材料制品作為傳遞支座反力的支座。
★ 主管 chord member
    鋼管結構構件中，在節(jié)點處連續(xù)貫通的管件，如桁架中的弦桿。
★ 支管 bracing member
   鋼管結構中，在節(jié)點處斷開并與主管相連的管件，如桁架中與主管相連的腹桿。
★ 隙節(jié)點  gap joint
   兩支管的趾部離開一定距離的管節(jié)點。
★ 搭接節(jié)點  overlap joint
    在鋼管節(jié)點處，兩支管相互搭接的節(jié)點。
★ 平面管節(jié)點  uniplanar joint
    支管與主管在同一平面內相互連接的節(jié)點。
★ 空間管節(jié)點  multiplanar joint
    在不同平面內的支管與主管相接而形成的管節(jié)點。
★ 組合構件  built-up member
    由一塊以上的鋼板(或型鋼)相互連接組成的構件，如工字形截面或箱形截面組合梁或柱。
★ 鋼與混凝土組合梁   composite steel and concrete beam
   由混凝土翼板與鋼梁通過抗剪連接件組合而成能整體受力的梁。

A
acceptable quality 合格質量
acceptance lot 驗收批量
aciera 鋼材
admixture 外加劑
against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection
高強度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系數
aggregate 骨料
air content 含氣量
air-dried timber 氣干材
allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column
砌體墻、柱容許高厚比
allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 鋼構件容許長細比
allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受壓木構件容許長細比
allowable stress range of fatigue 疲勞容許應力幅
allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 鋼筋拉應變限值
allowable value of crack width 裂縫寬度容許值
allowable value of deflection of structural member 構件撓度容許值
allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受彎木構件撓度容許值
allowable value of deformation of steel member 鋼構件變形容許值
allowable value of deformation of structural member 構件變形容許值
allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure
抗震結構層間位移角限值
amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系數
anchorage 錨具
anchorage length of steel bar 鋼筋錨固長度
approval analysis during construction stage 施工階段驗算
arch 拱
arch with tie rod 拉捍拱
arch-shaped roof truss 拱形屋架
area of shear plane 剪面面積
area of transformed section 換算截面面積
aseismic design 建筑抗震設計
assembled monolithic concrete structure 裝配整體式混凝土結構
automatic welding 自動焊接
auxiliary steel bar 架立鋼筋

B

backfilling plate 墊板
balanced depth of compression zone 界限受壓區(qū)高度
balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距
bar splice 鋼筋接頭
bark pocket 夾皮
batten plate 綴板
beam 次梁
bearing plane of notch 齒承壓面
bearing plate 支承板
bearing stiffener 支承加勁肋
bent-up steel bar 彎起鋼筋
block 砌塊
block masonry 砌塊砌體
block masonry structure 砌塊砌體結構
blow hole 氣孔
board 板材
bolt 螺栓
bolted connection (鋼結構螺栓連接
bolted joint (木結構螺栓連接
bolted steel structure 螺栓連接鋼結構
bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘結預應力混凝土結構
bow 順彎
brake member 制動構件
breadth of wall between windows 窗間墻寬度
brick masonry 磚砌體
brick masonry column 磚砌體柱
brick masonry structure 磚砌體結構
brick masonry wall 磚砌體墻
broad-leaved wood 闊葉樹材
building structural materials 建筑結構材料
building structural unit 建筑結構單元
building structure 建筑結構
built-up steel column 格構式鋼柱
bundled tube structure 成束筒結構
burn-through 燒穿
butt connection 對接
butt joint 對接
butt weld 對接焊縫

C

calculating area of compression member 受壓構件計算面積
calculating overturning point 計算傾覆點
calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 構件承載能力計算
camber of structural member 結構構件起拱
cantilever beam 挑梁
cap of reinforced concrete column 鋼筋混凝土柱帽
carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化
cast-in-situ concrete slab column structure 現澆板柱結構
cast-in-situ concrete structure 現澆混凝土結構
cavitation 孔洞
cavity wall 空斗墻
cement 水泥
cement content 水泥含量
cement mortar 水泥砂漿
characteriseic value of live load on floor or roof 樓面、屋面活荷載標準值
characteristi cvalue o fwindload 風荷載標準值
characteristic value of concrete compressive strength 混凝土軸心抗壓強度標準值
characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝土軸心抗拉標準值
characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength
混凝土立方體抗壓強度標準值
characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作用標準值
characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊車水平荷載標準值
characteristic value of masonry strength 砌體強度標準值
characteristic value of permanent action 永久作用標準值
characteristic value of snowload 雪荷載標準值
characteristic value of strength of steel 鋼材強度標準值
characteristic value of strength of steel bar 鋼筋強度標準值
characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load 均布活標載標準值
characteristic value of variable action 可變作用標準值
characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊車豎向荷載標準值
charaeteristic value of material strength 材料強度標準值
checking section of log structural member， 原木構件計算截面
chimney 煙囪 
circular double-layer suspended cable 圓形雙層懸索
circular single-layer suspended cable 圓形單層懸索
circumferential weld 環(huán)形焊縫
classfication for earthquake-resistance of buildings 建筑結構抗震設防類別
clear height 凈高
clincher 扒釘
coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memher (beam-column 鋼壓彎構件等效彎矩系數
cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷彎試驗
cold drawn bar 冷拉鋼筋
cold drawn wire 冷拉鋼絲
cold-formed thin-walled sectionsteel 冷彎薄壁型鋼
cold-formed thin-walled steel structure 冷彎薄壁型鋼結構
cold-rolled deformed bar 冷軋帶肋鋼筋
column bracing 柱間支撐
combination value of live load on floor or roof 樓面、屋面活荷載組合值
compaction 密實度
compliance control 合格控制
composite brick masonry member 組合磚砌體構件
composite floor system 組合樓蓋
composite floor with profiled steel sheet 壓型鋼板樓板
composite mortar 混合砂漿
composite roof truss 組合屋架
compostle member 組合構件
compound stirrup 復合箍筋
compression member with large eccentricity 大偏心受壓構件
compression member with small eccentricity 小偏心受壓構件
compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜紋承壓強度
compressive strength perpendicular to grain 橫紋承壓強度
concentration of plastic deformation 塑性變形集中
conceptual earthquake-resistant design 建筑抗震概念設計
concrete 混凝土
concrete column 混凝土柱
concrete consistence 混凝土稠度
concrete floded-plate structure 混凝土折板結構
concrete foundation 混凝土基礎
concrete mix ratio 混凝土配合比
concrete wall 混凝土墻
concrete-filled steel tubular member 鋼管混凝土構件
conifer 針葉樹材
coniferous wood 針葉樹材
connecting plate 連接板
connection 連接
connections of steel structure 鋼結構連接
connections of timber structure 木結構連接
consistency of mortar 砂漿稠度
constant cross-section column 等截面柱
construction and examination concentrated load 施工和檢修集中荷載
continuous weld 連續(xù)焊縫
core area of section 截面核芯面積
core tube supported structure 核心筒懸掛結構
corrosion of steel bar 鋼筋銹蝕
coupled wall 連肢墻
coupler 連接器
coupling wall-beam 連梁
coupling wall-column... 墻肢
coursing degree of mortar 砂漿分層度
cover plate 蓋板
covered electrode 焊條
crack 裂縫
crack resistance 抗裂度
crack width 裂縫寬度
crane girder 吊車梁
crane load 吊車荷載
creep of concrete 混凝土徐變
crook 橫彎
cross beam 井字梁
cup 翹彎
curved support 弧形支座
cylindrical brick arch 磚筒拱

D

decay 腐朽
decay prevention of timber structure 木結構防腐
defect in timber 木材缺陷
deformation analysis 變形驗算
degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member 結構構件垂直度
degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墻面垂直度
degree of plainness for structural memer 構件平整度
degree of plainness for wall surface 墻面平整度
depth of compression zone 受壓區(qū)高度
depth of neutral axis 中和軸高度
depth of notch 齒深
design of building structures 建筑結構設計
design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料抗震強度設計值
design value of load-carrying capacity of members 構件承載能力設計值
designations 0f steel 鋼材牌號
designvalue of material strength 材料強度設計值
destructive test 破損試驗
detailing reintorcement 構造配筋
detailing requirements 構造要求
diamonding 菱形變形
diaphragm 橫隔板
dimensional errors 尺寸偏差
distribution factor of snow pressure 屋面積雪分布系數
dogspike 扒釘

yield strength (yield point of steel 鋼材(鋼筋屈服強度(屈服點)

Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program. 按鉆井程序進行鉆井作業(yè).

Prepared bell nipple. 準備”喇叭口”短節(jié).

Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接兩根鉆桿.

Break out this connection. 卸開該接頭.

Run hole opener to sea bed. 下擴眼器到海底

Mix gel fluid for drilling conductor hole. 為鉆導管井眼配制高粘度泥漿.

Make up bottom hole assembly. 組合下部鉆具

Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每個班都要檢查并重新調整天車防碰裝置.

Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下鉆時給立柱編號.

Pick up BHA and run to seafloor. 將下部鉆具下到海底.

Pick up stands. 接立柱

Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 鉆進速度別超過15分鐘1根立柱

Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)測斜儀

Fish TOTCO with overshot. 用打撈筒撈起測斜儀

Resume drilling to T.D. 繼續(xù)鉆進到總深

Circulate 15 minutes.循環(huán)15分鐘

Run in hole. 下鉆

Put out of hole. 起鉆

Make an inventory of all ring gaskets. 開一個所有墊圈的清單

Use spinning tong. 使用氣動扳手

Operate the air winch. 操作氣動絞車

Lay down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe. 甩57根鉆桿

Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起鉆桿測試工具

Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循環(huán)泥漿2小時

Move string during circulation. 在循環(huán)時注意活動鉆具

Circulate hole clean. 循環(huán)清洗井眼

Circulate bottoms up. 循環(huán)泥漿幾周

Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥漿一次

Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分鐘檢查泥漿比重

Reverse out excess cement. 反循環(huán)替出多余的泥漿

Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥漿替換出舊的泥漿

Stop drilling. 停止鉆進

Drilling ahead. 鉆進

Pull out of hole bit. 起出鉆頭

Change bit. 換鉆頭

Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨補心

The bit thread type is regular pin. 鉆頭絲扣是正規(guī)公扣

What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?

Run in 9” collars. 下9”鉆鋌

The cathead can’t give enough torque. 貓頭力量不夠

Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接頭

The tong angle is too small. 大鉗的角度太小了

Stop circulating. 停止循環(huán)泥漿

Break out the stand. 卸立柱

Set the single into the mousehole. 把這個單根放進鼠洞

Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用轉盤卸扣嗎?

No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大鉗卸扣

Spin it out with the air spanner. 用氣動扳手卸扣

Put the pipe wiper on the string. 裝上鉆桿刮泥器

Don’t set this stand back. 這根鉆桿不要放在鉆桿盒上

Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短節(jié)

Secure the safety clamp. 上緊安全卡瓦

The bit is nearing the shoe. 鉆頭快到套管鞋了

Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度

This is the undergauged interval. 這是縮徑井段

This is the drilling program. 這是鉆井設計書

How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少鉆壓?

Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 轉速保持120---140轉/分

Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分

The pump pressure is too high. 泵壓太高了

Don’t ream the hole too fast. 劃眼不要太快

Notice the rotary torque. 注意轉盤扭矩的變化

The penetration rate is getting slower. 鉆速變慢了

The bit is nearly worn out. 鉆頭快磨光了

Stop drilling at 2000 meters. 鉆至2000米停鉆

Circulate for one hour. 循環(huán)一個小時

The pump pressure has increased. 泵壓升高了

One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一個水眼(或: 噴嘴)堵了

What is the hook load? 懸重多少?

What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?

What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?

Run in HWDP. 下加重鉆桿

A stabilizer is needed here. 這里需要一個扶正器

This is a flexible sub. 這是撓性接頭

This is the BHA log. 這是下部鉆具組合記錄

Record all outside and inside diameters. 記錄好所有(入井工具的)內外徑

We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短鉆鋌

Pull the cat line. 拉貓頭

Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)剎把

Stop the pumps. 停泵

Make a wiper trip. 通井

Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨補心

Bleed off pressure. (釋)放壓(力)

Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滾筒上留5圈

Set slips. 座上卡瓦

If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果井眼緊, 重復劃眼

Setback bottom hole assembly. 將下部鉆具立于鉆桿盒內

Make sure all alarms are on. 確保所有的警報信號都開著

Lay down TDS spinner. 拆下頂部驅動的旋扣器

Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15號鉆頭下鉆到井底

Run in hole to casing shoe. 下鉆至套管鞋

Pick up same bit and BHA. 裝上同樣的鉆頭和鉆具組合

Lay down 5” HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重鉆桿

Move string every 2 hours. 每2小時活動鉆具一次

Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振動篩區(qū)域干凈

Control trip gas. 控制起下鉆氣

Ream if needed. 如必要時進行劃眼

Select the best penetration rate. 選擇最佳鉆進速度

Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游動系統(tǒng)

100. Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 檢查動力鉗和尾繩是否在鉆臺

What’s the weight on bit? 鉆壓是多少?

What is the BHA of this well? 這口井的下部鉆具如何組合?

Drill out cement. 鉆穿水泥

Latch the elevator. 扣吊卡

Unlatch the elevator. 開吊卡

Set the slips. 放卡瓦

Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 調整防碰天車

Lock the hook pin. 鎖緊大鉤銷子

Check OD of stabilizer. 檢查扶正器的外徑

Perform leak off test. 進行地層破裂(或:滲漏)測試

Connect kill and choke line. 接上壓井和放噴管線

Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循環(huán)清洗鉆桿

Make a short trip. 進行短途起下鉆

Change the cutters. 換割刀

Slug the pipe. 灌重泥漿

Drill the stand down. 鉆完立柱

Start/run the shale shaker. 開振動篩

Start the desanders. 開除砂器

Start the desilters. 開除泥器

Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 換成40目篩布

Shut it off. 關掉

Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去

Make a fast connection. 接單根要快

Don’t dump the mud into the sea. 不要把泥漿排放到海里

Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用鏈鉗卸開

Put a thread protector. 加一個(絲扣)護箍

Can we use the power slips? 可以使用動力卡瓦嗎?

Casing and Cementing 下套管與固井

Run in hole to bottom for wiper trip. 下鉆通井

This is the casing program. 這是套管程序

Prepare for running casing. 準備下套管

Make everything ready for running 7”casing. 做好下7”套管的準備

Make cementing job. 固井

Displace cementing with mud pump. 用泥漿泵替泥漿

Set cement plug from 2940 to 2790m. 在2940到2790米井段打水泥塞

Pick up cementing head. 接水泥頭

Cement samples are hard. 水泥樣已凝固

Pump in 3 cubic meters of spacer. 注3方隔離液

Pump down the plug. 泵壓(膠)塞

Wait on cement. 候凝

The guide shoe will be connected. 接引鞋

Connect the floor collar. 接浮箍

Connect the air line to the casing stabbing board. 接好套管扶正臺的氣管線

Run casing with the 350T slip elevator. 用350噸卡瓦式吊卡下套管

Clean and dry 20” casing threads with rags. 清潔并擦干20”套管絲扣

Where is the rabbit for drifting the casing? 套管通徑規(guī)在哪里?

Rig Move, Anchoring and Positioning 拖航, 拋錨, 定位

What is our position now? 我們現在船位在哪里?

What’s the moving speed now? (What’s the towering speed?) 拖航速度是多少?

The speed is about 4 knots. 船速是4節(jié)左右

Which one is the main tug? 主拖是哪條船?

The main tug is Nanhai 205. 主拖是南海205

Which one is the chase boat? 護航船是哪一條?

How much is the horse power? 有多大馬力?

She has 6000 HP. 有6000馬力

Move the rig off location 50 feet. 將平臺移開50英尺

We are ready to drop the anchor. 我們已經做好拋錨的準備了

Secure all the movable equipment. 固定好各種活動的設備

Preload. (自升式)壓載

Ballast. (半潛式)壓載

Put the preload water into the tank. 向壓載艙灌壓壓載水

We need 5500 tons of preload water. 需要5500噸壓載水

Shall we preload right now? 馬上開始壓載嗎?

Drain the water off. 放水

The rig is overloaded. 平臺已超載

Jack up (jack down) the rig. 升(降)船

The draft is 3.5 meters. 船體吃水3.5米

The jetting pressure is 100psi. 沖樁壓力是100psi

Penetrate the legs. 插樁

How much penetration do we have? 入泥多深了?

No.1 and No.2 legs indicate 10 meters. 1,2號樁腿插入10米

Fix the upper and lower wedges. 固定上下楔塊

Pay out the anchor line. 放出錨纜繩

Skid the derrick. 移開井架

The rig is short of potable water now. 平臺缺乏飲用水

Drop No.2 and No.3 anchors. 拋2號和3號錨

Why has the main engine stopped? 主機為什么停?

Unleash the drilling tools. 卸開鉆具

Tighten up. 繃緊(或:上緊)一點

Turn on the cooling water for the windlasses. 開錨機剎車冷卻水

Retrieve the No.1 to No.8 anchors. 起1到8號錨

Check the paint marks at the anchor winches. 檢查錨機上的油漆記號

Prepare for a location move. 準備好移井位

Commence anchor handling. 開始起錨(或拋錨)

Secure all equipment stored on deck. 固定好所有存放在甲板上的設備

Carry out stability and load calculations. 做穩(wěn)性和載荷計算

Pass pendant line, shackle and buoy to anchor handling vessel. 將起拋錨短索, 卸扣和浮標吊起給起錨船

Lower the windward anchor to seafloor. 拋上風錨到海底

Pick up the leeward anchor first. 先起下風錨

Take anchor chaser (or chaser) back to rig. 將撈/拋錨環(huán)送回平臺

Hook up towing lines to tug boat. 將拖纜連接到拖輪

Sound fog signal for two seconds every twenty seconds. 發(fā)大霧信號, 每20秒鐘響兩秒

Fishing 打撈

The bit cutters have been lost in the hole. 牙輪落井

Run in the reverse-circulation basket. 下反循環(huán)打撈籃

There is a lot of junk in the hole. 井下有很多落物

The fish is 235.46 meters long. 落魚長度235.46米

The fish top is at 2478.34 meters. 魚頂位置2478.34米

Coring 取芯

Stop drilling for coring. 停鉆準備取芯

Make up core bit. 接取芯鉆頭

A-60 fire door   A-60級防火門
abrasive    (噴砂用的)磨料
abrasive paper　 砂紙
AC generator　　交流發(fā)電機
AC motor　交流電動機
accelerated corrosion testing　加速腐蝕試驗
acceptance criteria   合格準則
access hole (for welding)=cope hole　 焊接工藝孔
acetylene gas    乙炔
acid electrode  酸性焊條
acid proof cement   防酸水泥
additive  添加劑
AFC (approved for construction)  建造批準
agitator   攪拌器
air blower   鼓風機
air compressor   空壓機
air drive pump  氣動泵